Geotechnical engineers utilize a critical role in detecting subsurface voids, which pose significant challenges to the stability and functionality of structures. These hidden cavities can arise from various reasons, such as geological formations, degradation, or human activities. Employing a suite of investigative techniques, including geophysical
Subsurface voids pose significant risks to geotechnical design. Accurately mapping these voids is fundamental for ensuring the soundness of structures and infrastructure. Traditional methods, such as borehole examination, can be expensive and provide limited spatial resolution. Emerging geophysical techniques, including ground electrical resistivit
Cavity characterization plays a significant role in geotechnical design processes. A thorough understanding of cavity shape and features is essential for precisely assessing the potential impact on foundations . Geotechnical engineers utilize various techniques to characterize cavities, including exploratory drilling . These methods provide valuab
Geophysical exploration utilizes a crucial role in the identification and characterization of potential mineral deposits. By employing various physical methods, geologists can probe beneath the Earth's surface to detect subsurface structures and anomalies indicative of mineral richness. These geophysical techniques often involve the recording of p